Dhanteras is the first day of the five-day festival of Diwali, the biggest festival for Hindus in India and all over the world.
It is celebrated on the thirteenth day of the Krishna paksha (the waning cycle) of the lunar month of Ashwin in the Hindu calendar. The word Dhanteras is a combination of two words – Dhan, meaning wealth, and teras, meaning ‘thirteen’.
In 2016, Dhanteras will be celebrated on October 27th/28th.
Dhanteras and the legend of Dhanavantri
Dhanteras (धनतेरस) honors the hindu patron of medicine – Dhanavantri. It is hence also referred to as Dhana-triyadoshi (thirteenth night). The legend of Dhanavantri is that he arose from the ocean during the churning of the oceans (samudra-manthan समुद्र मन्थन) by the Gods carrying a metal container or vessel. The vessel was supposed to have contained all the secrets of Ayurveda, and all the herbs and medicines needed to cure humanity of all diseases.One variation of the legend says that Dhanavantri brought ambrosia or the elixir of eternal youth for the Gods from the ocean. The emergence of Dhanavantri was preceded by the appearance of Goddess Lakshmi seated on a lotus from the ocean of milk.
Dhanteras and Yama Triyadoshi
The first day of Diwali is also celebrated in some parts of India as yama-triyadoshi or yama-deep-daan. In ancient times, King Hima’s son was destined to die on the fourth day after his wedding. However, his wife came up with an ingenious plan – she decided that she was going to distract the Lord of Death – Yama – by lighting earthen lamps (deep) all around the palace and by displaying all the palace jewels around her husbands’ sleeping area. She also decided that she was going to keep her husband awake by singing songs to him and playing card games. When Lord Yama arrived, he was so impressed by her dedication to her husband that he decided to spare his life.
The tradition arising from this legend is that Dhanteras is marked by purchases of gold jewelry and silver coins inscribed with images of Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Ganesha. Women in the household will also by new metal utensils for their kitchens. An earthen lamp is lit after sunset and is constantly refilled with oil to keep it lit throughout the night as an offering (daan) to propitiate Lord Yama.
Dhanteras and the trading community
Dhanteras also has great importance for the trading and business communities in India. Homes and businesses undergo a tremendous transformation via extensive cleaning, renovations and decorations. Traditional artwork of rangoli designs are made to welcome the Lakshmi – Goddess of wealth and prosperity. Lakshmi puja is performed in the evenings and naivedya – a collection of traditional sweets – is offered as prasad to the Goddess.
The Mahalakshmi Mantra (महालक्ष्मी मन्त्र)
The seed or beej Mantra for Goddess Lakshmi is based on the word bhreem (भर्ीम)
Listen to the Mahalaxmi Mantra
Audio – Mahalakshmi Mantra (edited extract)
So how do you celebrate Dhanteras? Please share with us in the comments section below.
